sexta-feira, 4 de março de 2011

Internet.FR: arquivo, identificação e vigilância


Após a Hadopi e a Loppsi 2, duas leis francesas recentes de caráter securitário com implicações sérias para a liberdade na Internet, um decreto rapidamente rebatizado de "Big Brother" estende a todos os internautas procedimentos de suspeição e vigilância historicamente exercidos por regimes autoritários ou reservados a indivíduos suspeitos. O decreto prevê a conservação de dados de conexão por parte de provedores, servidores, hosts e prestadores de serviços na Internet, tendo em vista "a identificação de toda pessoa física ou jurídica que tenha contribuído para a produção de um conteúdo on-line". Tais dados devem ser conservados por um ano e são bastante detalhados. Conforme matéria do PCInpact, eis os tipos de dados que devem ser retidos:
"1. Pour les fournisseurs d’accès à Internet spécifiquement :
  • L'identifiant de la connexion
  • L'identifiant attribué par ces personnes (ndlr : les FAI) à l'abonné
  • L'identifiant du terminal utilisé pour la connexion lorsqu'elles y ont accès
  • Les dates et heure de début et de fin de la connexion
  • Les caractéristiques de la ligne de l'abonné
2. Pour les hébergeurs spécifiquement :
  • L'identifiant de la connexion à l'origine de la communication
  • L'identifiant attribué par le système d'information au contenu, objet de l'opération
  • Les types de protocoles utilisés pour la connexion au service et pour le transfert des contenus
  • La nature de l'opération
  • Les date et heure de l'opération
  • L'identifiant utilisé par l'auteur de l'opération lorsque celui-ci l'a fourni
3. Pour les FAI et les hébergeurs : les informations fournies lors de la souscription d'un contrat par un utilisateur ou lors de la création d'un compte :
  • Au moment de la création du compte, l'identifiant de cette connexion
  • Les nom et prénom ou la raison sociale
  • Les adresses postales associées
  • Les pseudonymes utilisés
  • Les adresses de courrier électronique ou de compte associées
  • Les numéros de téléphone
  • Le mot de passe ainsi que les données permettant de le vérifier ou de le modifier, dans leur dernière version mise à jour
4. Pour les FAI et les hébergeurs : lorsque la souscription du contrat ou du compte est payante, les informations suivantes relatives au paiement, pour chaque opération de paiement :
  • Le type de paiement utilisé
  • La référence du paiement
  • Le montant
  • La date et l'heure de la transaction
[Le décret précise que les données des parties 3 et 4 ci-dessus « ne doivent être conservées que dans la mesure où les personnes les collectent habituellement ».]"

É espantoso o conservadorismo frente a Internet na França, especialmente reforçado pelo "drive" securitário do atual governo. Mas cabe notar que este conservadorismo não se restringe a medidas políticas conjunturais, podendo ser lido em muitos textos de "pensadores" da comunicação e das novas mídias ou mesmo em parte do ativismo que busca "defender" a Internet dos abusos e perigos que supostamente assombram a Internet, com boas exceções, evidentemente. A minha impressão, dita muito superficialmente, é que boa parte do discurso sobre a Internet na França a considera ou uma rede relativamente desprezível (seja em termos cognitivos, políticos ou sociais), ou um lugar cheio de perigos. Assunto para outro post.
Para um bom passeio pela "deriva securitária" que marca os últimos 10 anos da Internet francesa, vale ler o artigo de Jean Marc Manach.

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